Protein expression is a technique in which proteins are characterized, modified, and synthesized in the host cells. The desired protein is typically achieved by the modification or alteration of the protein expression process in a living organism. Various types of systems are used for the production of a broad range of proteins such as insulin, interferons, and interleukins.

Protein expression Market vendors are placed into 4 categories based on their performance and reviews in each criterion: “visionary leaders,” “innovators,” “dynamic differentiators,” and “emerging companies".

Visionary leaders include players that have an established product portfolio coupled with a strong geographic and market presence.

Dynamic companies have very strong business strategies but a weaker product offering as compared to the other players in the market. These companies are known to focus on specific technology related products.

Innovators demonstrate substantial product innovation as compared to their competitors and have a focused approach towards enhancing their product portfolio.

These vendors focus on providing niche products to gain recognition in the market. Based on application, the global protein expression market is segmented into therapeutic applications, industrial applications, and research applications. The therapeutic applications segment is expected to dominate this market. The large share of this segment can be attributed to the increase in proteomics-based research and rising incidences of chronic disorders across the globe. THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS Therapeutic proteins are synthesized in in vitro or in vivo conditions for pharmaceutical use. These proteins are used to treat pathological conditions. Such proteins are initially expressed in an appropriate expression system and later produced on an industrial scale. Protein expression products find applications in therapeutic protein R&D. These include products in the transfection of host cells, along with those required for the maintenance of cell lines. Therapeutic recombinant proteins used in the treatment of human diseases require post-translational modifications and are hence not expressed in a prokaryotic expression system. Therapeutic proteins include monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, interferons, insulin, colony-stimulating factors (CSF), growth hormones, blood factors, and erythropoietin. Of these, monoclonal antibodies are the most used. The applications of therapeutic proteins include the treatment of cancer, immune disorders, infections, and other diseases. Insulin is an example of a therapeutic protein used in the treatment of diabetes. INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS Protein expression products are mainly used in industrial protein R&D. These industrial enzymes have extensive applications in the fields of food processing, molecular biology, and commercial industries such as the brewing, paper, biofuel, and dairy sectors. Some of these enzymes have been listed below. ƒÞ Biologically active enzymes are mostly derived from fungi, microbes, animals, and plants. ƒÞ Mixed proteins expressed and extracted from a culture of microbes to be used as food supplements are known as single-cell proteins (SCPs), which are used as protein-rich food for people who do not eat meat. ƒÞ Proteins produced from microbial cultures are used in the livestock industry as feed supplements and growth promoters & enhancers. ƒÞ Collagen peptides are important additives in a large number of cosmetic products. Collagen reduces wrinkles that are caused as a result of the aging process. A large proportion of collagen used in cosmetics is obtained by the expression of peptides in prokaryotic systems. Rapid growth in the industrial enzymes market will be an important driver for the industrial proteins application segment. RESEARCH APPLICATIONS Protein expression has a broad range of applications in research studies including molecular studies, protein-level studies, and gene expression studies. Soluble and pure proteins are an integral part of proteomics research. Any activity related to proteomics research requires an abundant supply of pure and easily isolable proteins. These proteins and peptides are used to study the structure and dynamics of proteins through the use of techniques such as X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, protein interaction studies, and reporter assays. Furthermore, the expressed protein needs to have undergone appropriate post-translational modifications, in order to retain its functionality. As such, the choice of expression systems is an important consideration when expressing proteins for research purposes. Expressed proteins are sometimes tagged with peptide sequences for easier isolation and purification or visual detection. These tags are attached to recombinant proteins to facilitate easier purification of the protein, as the peptide tags either bind to affinity matrices or are recognized by antibodies. Fluorescent reporter tags like GFP, UnaG, and dsRed are commonly used in fluorescence microscopy to visualize the localization of protein molecules within a cell. The increase in proteomics-based research is a major factor driving the growth of this segment. Examples of such projects include The Human Proteome Organization’s Human Protein Project, launched in 2012 to increase the understanding of the human proteome.